A branch of mathematics that investigates the relationships and properties of numbers.
www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/faq/B.html

 

The study of the properties of integers (any of the natural numbers, the negatives of these numbers, or zero).
nces.ed.gov/nceskids/glossary.asp

 

The study of properties of integers, generalizations of integers, and relations between them, especially Diophantine equations (equations in integers) and prime numbers.
www.math.ucdavis.edu/profiles/glossary.html

 

Formal mathematical name for some of the math tricks behind public key cryptography.
www.hxmel.com/Glossary/glossary.htm